eNOS G894T and ACE I/D gene polymorphisms and their association with anthropometric and biochemical parameters

Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to analyze the frequency of alleles and genotypes of the G894T polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and the insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in relation to body mass index (BMI) and biochemical parameters. The study included 64 subjects. Analysis of genotype distribution of the eNOS G894T polymorphism in relation to BMI showed that the GT+TT genotype was present in 11 subjects with BMI ≤ 24.9 and in 25 subjects with BMI ≥ 25. For the ACE I/D polymorphism, the ID+DD genotype was detected in 10 subjects with BMI ≤ 24.9 and in 36 subjects with BMI ≥ 25. No statistically significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies were observed between BMI groups (p > 0.05). Regarding biochemical parameters, although the differences lacked statistical significance (p > 0.05), GT+TT genotypes (eNOS G894T) were more frequent in subjects with elevated glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels compared to the GG genotype. Similarly, the analysis revealed no statistically significant association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the examined biochemical parameters (p > 0.05). A major limitation of the present study is the relatively small sample size; therefore, these findings should be considered preliminary. Nevertheless, the specific trends observed in genotype distribution represent an important indicator in investigating the potential role of these polymorphisms in the genetic background of the metabolic profile. Thus, further research on larger and more homogeneous cohorts is necessary to elucidate this potential significance.