Manuscripts should be prepared using a standard word processing program and presented in a clear readable format with easily identified sections and headings.

Manuscript layout directions

Typed with 1.5 line spacing (A4 format) with numbered pages;

Font Times New Roman 12 should be used for the text and Times New Roman 11 for tables and references;

The sections should typically be assembled in the following order: Title, Authors, Authors’ full affiliations including department, city and state, Corresponding author, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusions, Acknowledgements, Conflict of Interest, References, Tables, List of figure captions;

Footnotes in the main text are to be avoided.

Title

The title needs to be concise and informative.

It should:

(1) arrest the attention of a potential reader scanning a journal or a list of titles;

(2) provide sufficient information to allow the reader to judge the relevance of a paper to his/her interests;

(3) contain no more than 170 characters including spaces.

Authors and affiliations

The names and affiliations of the authors should be presented as follows:

Example
Mirjana Beribaka1*, Selma Hafizović2, Amela Pilav3, Mirela Džehverović3, Damir Marjanović2,4,5, Jasmina Čakar3
1University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Technology, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Science, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
4International Burch University (IBU), Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
5Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
*Correspondence: E-mail: beribaka@gmail.com

Abstract

Abstract should contain up to 250 words. It should be complete and understandable with no references. It is important to attract the attention of potential readers. The context and the rationale of the study are presented succinctly to support the objectives. The experimental methods and main results are summarized but should not be overburdened by numerical or probability values. The abstract ends with a short and clear conclusion.

Keywords

Keywords (3 to 5 words) should be short and specific separated with commas.

Introduction

The introduction briefly outlines the context of the work, presents the current issues that the authors are addressing and the rationale to support the objectives and clearly defines the objectives. This section should include references relevant to the research. For hypothesis driven research, the hypothesis under test should be clearly stated.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods should be described in sufficient details so that it is possible for others to repeat the experiment. This section can contain subtitles if necessary.

Results and discussion

This section should present only the author’s own results and observations on the results, their significance for the subject-matter in question and a comparison with the results of other authors in the same field. The discussion section should avoid extensive repetition of the results.

Conclusions

In conclusions section summarize main points of your research.

Acknowledgment

In this section, the authors may acknowledge (max two sentences) their support staff, their funding sources (with research funder and/or grant number), their credits to companies or copyrighted material, etc.

Conflict Of Interest

Authors should declare any conflict of interest. Additionally, the conflict of interest must be declared in cover letter.

References

References should be cited in the text as follows: “The procedure used has been described elsewhere (Green, 1978), “or “Our observations are in agreement with those of Brown and Black (1979) and of White et al. (1980),”or with multiple references, in chronological order: “Earlier reports (Brown and Black, 1979, 1981; White et al., 1980; Smith, 1982, 1984)…. “.

In the list of references papers should be given in alphabetical order according to the surname of the first author.

Journal article

Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF (1952a) The components of membrane conductance in the giant axon of Loligo. J Physiol (Lond) 116:473-496.  

Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF (1952b) The dual effect of membrane potential on sodium conductance in the giant axon of Loligo. J Physiol (Lond) 116:497-506.

Book

Shibamoto T, Bjeldanes LF (1993) Introduction to food toxicology. Academic Press Inc, San Diego.

Chapter in a book 

Rodricks JV (2009) Food. In: Lippmann M. (ed) Environmental toxicants: Human exposures and their health effects. John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken, pp. 197-239.

Tables

Tables with a brief and self-explanatory title with explanation essential to the understanding of the table should be submitted within the manuscript file after the Reference section, exclusively as editable text, not as images. The text should include references to all the tables numbered consecutively according to their sequence in the text using Arabic numerals (e.g. “Table 1.”). Data from the tables should not be repeated in the text. For all abbreviations used in the table, short explanation should be provided in footnotes indicated by superscript lowercase letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) below the table. 

Images and Figures

Submitting all illustrations and artwork (photographs, graphs, line drawings, etc.) in an electronic format helps us produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity, accessibility, and a high level of detail. Following the instructions given below will make sure your figures are reproduced to the highest possible standards and your article is published as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Figures (including graphs) should be submitted within the main text, named by “Figure 1”. The Figure title for each figure should be listed in main document after Tables or References section. A legend must be supplied for each illustration. 

Electronic figures

General points

• All figures/illustrations (including graphs and diagrams) should be submitted within the main text, accompanied with numbers by their appearance in the text (e.g. “Figure 1.”).
• Ensure that each illustration has a caption which comprises a brief title and concise but accurate description of the illustration. Do not include titles or captions within illustrations.
• If you, for some reason, cannot supply figures within the main text in a Word file, please provide it in JPEG (.jpg) or TIFF format in a separate, properly named file (e.g. “Fig1.jpg/tiff”). Figure file size cannot exceed 5 MB.
• Data from the illustrations should not be repeated in the text.

Figure size and orientation

When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width (about 80 mm) or, when the illustration demands it, in a width of about 160 mm. Rotate and submit the figure in the orientation that you wish it to publish.

Quality of figures

Graphics or artwork created using PowerPoint, Excel, Word, or WordPerfect are low-resolution images that are not suitable for professional reproduction. Graphics created in these programs are acceptable only if they are line images (lines with at least 0.1 mm or 0.3 pt width) with no gray, color, or shading. Due to their low-resolution, graphics downloaded from Internet pages are suitable for screen display but are far below acceptable standards for print reproduction.

Depending on the type of your figure you are submitting, please follow the recommendations given below:

• Colour and black and white halftone figures (photographs) must be supplied at a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.
• Line images with no gray, colour or shading (black and white graphics with lines at least 0.1 mm or 0.3 pt wide) must be supplied at a resolution of 1000 or 1200 dpi.
• Combination figures (a combination of halftone and line art) must be supplied at a minimum resolution of 500 dpi. 

Multipart figures

In figure includes more than one panel or part, figure parts should be denoted by uppercase panel designations (“A”, “B”, etc.). We prefer to receive multipart figures assembled into single image whenever possible (i.e., one file containing all panels, with parts labeled, and arranged so that they will fit on a journal page or portion of a page). Whenever possible, include all panels of a figure on the same page.

Figure lettering

Fonts used to create or label figures should be embedded in the image file. Please use the same font type (Arial 8-12 pt) for all figures in your manuscript and avoid placing labels over shaded areas of a figure as well as effects such as shading or outline letters.

Figure labeling

Photographs, clinical images, photomicrographs, gel electrophoreses, and other figures containing labels and markings such as arrows, boxes or circles must be submitted in one version with and one version without markings. All labels and markings should be explained in the caption.

Permissions

If a figure has been published elsewhere, the original source must be acknowledged, and written permission from the copyright holder for both print and electronic formats should be submitted in the form of a reference citation at the end of the figure caption.

Article types

Genetics & Applications publishes five types of manuscripts: Reviews, Research Articles, Short Communications, Notes and Letters.

Reviews (RV)           

Review articles should be submitted by the Section Editor’s invitation only. Reviews submitted to G&A should be comprehensive, containing current information on a recent topic of importance. Review articles should contain an abstract, key words and acknowledgements and should not exceed 6000 words. Tables, figures and references are to be arranged in the same way as research articles in the journal.

Research Articles (RA)

Research article represents a substantial advance in understanding of an important problem and should report the results of original research that have not been previously published elsewhere. Original Research article must contain following sections: Title, Abstract, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusions, Acknowledgements and References. The text should not exceed 10 printed pages including tables and figures (4000 words plus up to ten figures and/or tables).

Short Communications (SC)

Short communications should report preliminary and new data that should be presented to the scientific community prior to the completion of the full research. SC is not a publication that contains too few or too preliminary data to justify a full paper. It should not exceed 4 printed pages including tables and figures or 3000 words and up to 4 figures and/or tables.

Notes (NT)

Notes report research results or discoveries, which contain preliminary results of immediate interest, short articles with methodological approach (e.g. mathematical formulas in genetics) and protocol modifications. Notes should not contain abstract and must not exceed 2 pages with only one table and/or one figure.

Letters (LT)

Letters present early reports, preliminary research findings and survey research. Letters should contain Abstract and Introduction which can be divided into subsections. The text should not exceed 4000 words.

Submission checklist 

Please use checklist before submission to the Journal for review. Make sure that the following items are present:

• One author that has been designated as the corresponding author should provide contact details (e-mail address and full postal address);
• Cover Letter is mandatory and should contain permission for use of copyrighted material and declaration that there is no conflict of interest;
• Manuscript should be prepared as recommended in section Article Types;
• For figures include relevant captions;
• For tables include titles, descriptions and footnotes;
• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided;
• Spelling and grammar need to be checked in the manuscript;
• All references mentioned in the Reference List need to be cited in the text and vice versa;
• Referee suggestions with contact details need to be provided.

Declaration of interest

All authors must declare if there is any conflict of interest, financial and personal relationships including employment, consultancies, stock ownership, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. This statement must certify that all authors have seen and approved the manuscript being submitted. The corresponding author is responsible for the submission of the manuscript, on behalf of all co-authors. It is necessary to confirm that all listed authors have contributed significantly, have read the manuscript and that research submitted to G&A is not under consideration elsewhere.

Authorship & Contributorship

In accordance with the editorial policies of the Genetics & Applications scientific journal, authorship and contributorship are governed by a structured process. Upon acceptance of a manuscript for publication, authors are required to sign a copyright form as a formal agreement. This document outlines the terms and conditions related to the intellectual property rights associated with the submitted work. The copyright form serves as a mechanism to ensure transparency and accountability in acknowledging authorship and contributions. By adhering to this protocol, the Genetics & Applications journal aims to uphold ethical standards in scientific research and publication, fostering a fair and collaborative environment for contributors within the research field.

Changes to authorship

Authors should provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. In the case of the addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.

Acceptance notification

After a manuscript has been accepted for publication in Genetics & Applications, the author(s) will automatically receive a notification. The accepted manuscript will be processed into page proofs, with all art and tables in place. The technical editor will send the corresponding author a galley proof by e‐mail or mail, which should be corrected and returned within 72 hours. Authors must check their proofs very carefully because the approval indicates that all copyediting changes have been accepted unless corrections are returned to the production editor. Authors must also answer any copyediting queries listed on the last page of the proof. As long as the author(s) fail(s) to answer the queries or to perform requested modifications, their article will not be published in G&A.

Author’s copy

Author’s copy and instructions for handling these copies, will be made available to the corresponding author electronically. Queries are written only to request necessary information or clarification of an unclear passage or to draw attention to edits that may have altered the sense. It is the author’s responsibility to read the entire text, tables, and figure legends, not just items queried. Corrected proofs must be returned within two business days after notification of availability. If corresponding author has some questions and suggestions about page proof, he/she must notify technical editor so those suggestions can be evaluated and corrected before publishing.

Figures in the proofs are for validation of content and placement, not quality of reproduction or color accuracy. Print output of figures in the PDF page proofs will be of lower quality than the same figures viewed on a monitor. Important new information that has become available between acceptance of the manuscript and receipt of the proofs may be inserted as an addendum in proof with the permission of the editor. If references to unpublished data or personal communications are added, corresponding author must notify technical editor. Questions about proofs should be directed to the Editorial team of G&A (e-mail: contact.genapp@gmail.com; info@genapp.ba ; telephone, 387 33 220 926).

Submission

Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. 

Peer review

All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor’s decision is final.

Duties of Authors

Authors of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient details and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted. An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors.

The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, the author must promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

Publication fee

There is no fee for article submission (ASC), article processing (APC) or publication.

Preprints

Genetics & Applications recognizes the importance of preprints in accelerating the dissemination of research findings. Preprints are defined as versions of scholarly papers that precede formal peer review and publication in traditional scientific journals.

Authors submitting manuscripts to Genetics & Applications are strongly encouraged to upload a version of their manuscript as a preprint to recognized preprint servers, such as arXiv, bioRxiv, or others relevant to the field of genetics, before or concurrently with submission to the journal.

Publication ethics

Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement is based on the “Codes of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines” developed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (http://publicationethics.org/resources/code-conduct). The International Standards for Editors and Authors were developed at the 2nd WCRI (see http://publicationethics.org/resources/international-standards-for-editors-and-authors).